: Ointments and creams are generally superior to lotions for barrier repair. Newer formulations may include ceramides or filaggrin breakdown products.

: The first-line therapy for flares. They range from low to ultra-high potency, with selection based on patient age and affected body site (e.g., low-potency for the face).

Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Diagnosis and Treatment - PMC

Narrowband UVB (311 nm) or UVA1 phototherapy serves as an adjuvant for moderate-to-severe disease that is refractory to topicals. It has antimicrobial effects and modulates the skin's immune response.

: Short (5–10 minute) baths in tepid water with fragrance-free, soap-free cleansers help cleanse and hydrate the skin without causing irritation. 2. Topical Anti-Inflammatory Therapies

: Tacrolimus (ointment) and pimecrolimus (cream) are steroid-sparing alternatives particularly useful for sensitive areas like the face or skin folds. Newer Topicals : Crisaborole : A PDE-4 inhibitor for mild-to-moderate AD.

Management of atopic dermatitis (AD) has evolved from simple symptom relief to a multi-tiered approach focused on barrier repair, inflammation control, and targeted systemic therapies.