Switch-mode — Power Supplies

Includes Flyback and Forward converters, which use transformers to provide electrical isolation between input and output. 4. Comparative Analysis Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) Linear Power Supply Efficiency High (75% to 98-99%) Low (25% to 50%) Size & Weight Compact and lightweight due to high-frequency components Large and heavy due to low-frequency transformers Heat Dissipation Low; remains cooler during operation High; requires significant heat sinking Noise & Ripple Higher electrical noise (EMI) and output ripple Very low noise and high stability Complexity High; requires specialized design and PCB layout Low; simpler circuit design 5. Key Components

Capable of either increasing or decreasing voltage. Switch-Mode Power Supplies

Capacitors and inductors used at both input and output to reduce ripple and EMI. 6. Market and Applications Key Components Capable of either increasing or decreasing

Often a PWM controller like the TI TL598 that manages the switching cycles. Market and Applications Often a PWM controller like