And Conflict, De... — Peace By Peaceful Means: Peace

Examines epistemological assumptions and the nature of violence, focusing on how peace is conceptualized.

Addresses structural violence , particularly in economic systems, and proposes ways to overcome it.

Johan Galtung’s is a foundational text in peace studies . Published in 1996, it provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for peace research, education, and action. Core Definitions of Peace Galtung defines peace through two distinct lenses: Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, De...

He differentiates between Negative Peace (the absence of war) and Positive Peace (the presence of social justice and human integration). The Four Theoretical Pillars

Explores the creative and nonviolent transformation of conflict, emphasizing the importance of a "culture of conflict". Published in 1996, it provides a comprehensive theoretical

The absence of direct, structural, and cultural violence.

Investigates cultural violence , looking at the deep-seated codes and cosmologies within civilizations that justify other forms of violence. The Violence Triangle The absence of direct, structural, and cultural violence

The book is structured into four parts, each exploring a major approach to peace: