Kratkoe Soderzhanie 14 Paragrafa Istorii Novogo Vremeni 7 Klass May 2026

The war devastated Central Europe, particularly Germany, through famine and disease. 📜 The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

The Reformation split Europe into Catholic and Protestant camps, turning political rivalries into holy wars. The war devastated Central Europe

Summary: International Relations in the 16th–17th Centuries The war devastated Central Europe

France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers, while the Holy Roman Empire was significantly weakened. 💡 Core Vocabulary The war devastated Central Europe

The Catholic League (led by the Hapsburgs) vs. the Protestant Union (supported by France, Sweden, and Denmark).

This treaty fundamentally reshaped the world order by establishing several core principles: