: Sodium channels close and potassium channels open, allowing K+cap K raised to the positive power to exit and bringing the voltage back down.
Researchers use several cutting-edge techniques to "listen" to these electrical conversations: Unlocking Brain Function, One Neuron at a Time Electrophysiology of the Neuron
: The voltage briefly dips below the resting level before stabilizing. : Sodium channels close and potassium channels open,
. This negative charge inside the cell is created by an imbalance of ions—specifically sodium ( Na+cap N a raised to the positive power ) and potassium ( K+cap K raised to the positive power )—regulated by specialized pumps and channels. The Action Potential: The "All-or-Nothing" Signal Electrophysiology of the Neuron