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: The JNMG guide on anomalies provides specific indicators for bone pain or unexplained renal failure.

: Suggests Multiple Myeloma or MGUS. Broad Increase : Chronic infection or autoimmune disease. Key Patterns to Look For : The JNMG guide on anomalies provides specific

This guide outlines how to interpret Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) results, which separate blood proteins into specific fractions to help diagnose conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or inflammation. or inflammation. : Liver disease

: Liver disease, kidney loss (nephrotic syndrome), or malnutrition. Increased : Dehydration. Alpha-1 Alpha-1 antitrypsin Increased : Acute inflammation. Alpha-2 Haptoglobin, Alpha-2 macroglobulin Increased : Acute phase reaction or nephrotic syndrome. Beta Transferrin, Complement Increased : Iron deficiency or high cholesterol. Two peaks ( ) are visible in capillary tests. Gamma Immunoglobulins (Antibodies) kidney loss (nephrotic syndrome)