Even with treatment, relapse occurs in 5–15% of cases due to the presence of "persister" cells that remain metabolically active within protective intracellular niches. Current Control and Prevention Strategies
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that primarily targets cattle and serves as a major etiological agent of . This zoonotic disease is a critical global concern, causing significant economic losses in the livestock industry and posing a persistent public health threat to humans. While some countries have successfully eradicated the pathogen, it remains endemic in regions including Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, and parts of Asia. Impact on Livestock abortus
The bacteria are often spread through contact with aborted fetuses, placentas, or vaginal discharges. In the United States, wildlife reservoirs like bison and elk in the Yellowstone area maintain the pathogen, occasionally transmitting it back to livestock. Zoonotic Transmission and Human Health Even with treatment, relapse occurs in 5–15% of
In humans, it can cause a debilitating, chronic illness characterized by undulant fever, joint pain, and fatigue. Zoonotic Transmission and Human Health In humans, it
Reduced milk production and the birth of weak calves further compound agricultural losses.